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Alexander Lebedev
Alexander Yevgenievich Lebedev (; born 16 December 1959) is a Russian businessman, referred to as one of the Russian oligarchs.
In March 2012, he was listed by ''Forbes'' magazine as one of the richest Russians with an estimated fortune of $1.1 billion. However, his fortune has since declined, and he is no longer considered to be a billionaire.〔(Forbes listing )〕 He is part owner of the Russian newspaper ''Novaya Gazeta''〔(Tycoon linked with Litvinenko ‘survived poisoning’ ), John Elliott and Jon Ungoed-Thomas, ''The Sunday Times'', 7 January 2007〕 and owner of four UK newspapers with son Evgeny Lebedev: the London ''Evening Standard'', ''The Independent'', ''The Independent on Sunday'', and the ''i Newspaper''.
== Early life and education ==
Alexander Lebedev was born in Moscow. His parents were part of the Moscow intelligentsia. His father, Yevgeny Nikolaevich Lebedev, was an elite athlete–a member of the Soviet national water polo team, and later a professor at Baumanka, Moscow's highest technical school. After graduating from Moscow Pedagogic Institute, Alexander's mother, Maria Sergeyevna, worked in a rural Sakhalin school and later taught English in a Moscow tertiary school.〔(''Biography'' )〕
In 1977, Alexander Lebedev entered the Department of Economics at Moscow State Institute of International Relations. After he graduated in 1982, Lebedev started work at the Institute of Economics of the World Socialist System doing research for his Kandidat (between master's degree and doctorate) dissertation, ''The problems of debt and the challenges of globalization''. However, he soon transferred to the First Chief Directorate (Foreign Intelligence) of KGB. He worked there and at its successor Foreign Intelligence Service until 1992.〔 In London, Lebedev had the diplomatic cover of an economics attaché. According to his personal website, Lebedev's assignments included fighting capital flight from the Russian Federation.〔 The ''Sunday Express'' stated that he "spent more time studying finance and the City than British secrets".〔
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